CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems

@article{CAPA_tc26,
  title     = {{CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems}},
  author    = {Chen, Weifan and Izhbirdeev, Ivan and Mancuso, Renato},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
  year      = 2026,
  month     = apr,
  number    = {01},
  pages     = {1--14},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
  address   = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  doi       = {10.1109/TC.2026.3688446},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2026.3688446}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Weifan
AU  - Izhbirdeev, Ivan
AU  - Mancuso, Renato
TI  - CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Computers
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/04//
IS  - 01
PB  - IEEE Computer Society
CY  - Los Alamitos, CA, USA
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
DO  - 10.1109/TC.2026.3688446
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2026.3688446
AB  - Real-time systems face significant challenges in managing shared resources on multi-core platforms while maintaining temporal predictability. This paper introduces the CAPA (Contention-Aware Progress-Aware) framework for real-time systems to export and leverage runtime progress information to enable informed resource management decisions. CAPA represents a practical model for tracking task progress, extending existing Timely Progress Assessment (TPA) techniques to support complex control flows and concurrent execution on commercial multi-core hardware. Building on this model, it is possible to design progress-aware multi-core schedulers capable of dynamically regulating task execution to meet timing constraints. We implement CAPA on a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) platform and evaluate its performance. Results demonstrate CAPA’s ability to provide controlled performance degradation, meet timeliness constraints, and improve schedulability. Thus, CAPA represents a significant step forward toward practical, contention-aware scheduling in multi-core real-time systems.
ER  - 

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%0 Journal Article
%A Chen, Weifan
%A Izhbirdeev, Ivan
%A Mancuso, Renato
%T CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems
%J IEEE Transactions on Computers
%D 2026
%N 01
%P 1-14
%I IEEE Computer Society
%C Los Alamitos, CA, USA
%R 10.1109/TC.2026.3688446
%U https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2026.3688446
%X Real-time systems face significant challenges in managing shared resources on multi-core platforms while maintaining temporal predictability. This paper introduces the CAPA (Contention-Aware Progress-Aware) framework for real-time systems to export and leverage runtime progress information to enable informed resource management decisions. CAPA represents a practical model for tracking task progress, extending existing Timely Progress Assessment (TPA) techniques to support complex control flows and concurrent execution on commercial multi-core hardware. Building on this model, it is possible to design progress-aware multi-core schedulers capable of dynamically regulating task execution to meet timing constraints. We implement CAPA on a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) platform and evaluate its performance. Results demonstrate CAPA’s ability to provide controlled performance degradation, meet timeliness constraints, and improve schedulability. Thus, CAPA represents a significant step forward toward practical, contention-aware scheduling in multi-core real-time systems.

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[
    {
        "id": "CAPA_tc26",
        "type": "article-journal",
        "title": "CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems",
        "author": [
            {
                "family": "Chen",
                "given": "Weifan"
            },
            {
                "family": "Izhbirdeev",
                "given": "Ivan"
            },
            {
                "family": "Mancuso",
                "given": "Renato"
            }
        ],
        "container-title": "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
        "issued": {
            "date-parts": [
                [
                    2026,
                    4
                ]
            ]
        },
        "issue": "01",
        "page": "1-14",
        "publisher": "IEEE Computer Society",
        "publisher-place": "Los Alamitos, CA, USA",
        "DOI": "10.1109/TC.2026.3688446",
        "abstract": "Real-time systems face significant challenges in managing shared resources on multi-core platforms while maintaining temporal predictability. This paper introduces the CAPA (Contention-Aware Progress-Aware) framework for real-time systems to export and leverage runtime progress information to enable informed resource management decisions. CAPA represents a practical model for tracking task progress, extending existing Timely Progress Assessment (TPA) techniques to support complex control flows and concurrent execution on commercial multi-core hardware. Building on this model, it is possible to design progress-aware multi-core schedulers capable of dynamically regulating task execution to meet timing constraints. We implement CAPA on a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) platform and evaluate its performance. Results demonstrate CAPA’s ability to provide controlled performance degradation, meet timeliness constraints, and improve schedulability. Thus, CAPA represents a significant step forward toward practical, contention-aware scheduling in multi-core real-time systems."
    }
]

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W. Chen, I. Izhbirdeev, and R. Mancuso, “CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, no. 01, pp. 1–14, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.1109/TC.2026.3688446.

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Chen, W., Izhbirdeev, I., & Mancuso, R. (2026). CAPA: A Framework for Contention-Aware and Progress-Aware Multi-Core Real-Time Systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1–14. IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2026.3688446

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